Pregnancy is a pivotal stage in a woman’s life, which is why many women take extra care and precautions during this time.
During the first trimester, it’s very common to experience dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. However, these are not the only changes that can occur during pregnancy.
Inflamed, tender, and bleeding gums are also very common. Nearly half of pregnant women experience this problem, known as gestational gingivitis.
What is gestational gingivitis?
Gestational gingivitis is gum disease that occurs only during pregnancy.
There are several causes that contribute to gestational gingivitis:
- Pregnancy triggers an increase in hormones (estrogen and progesterone) that makes gum tissues more prone to inflammation and sensitivity, and more vulnerable to bacteria.
- During pregnancy, blood flow increases by 30–50% to ensure the fetus receives the nutrients needed for development. This heightened circulation can cause gums to swell, feel sore, and even bleed.
- Repeated vomiting in some pregnancies is also harmful, since stomach acid can damage both the gums and tooth enamel.
Why is it important to treat gingivitis during pregnancy?
Failing to treat gingivitis during pregnancy can increase the risk of preterm birth.
A study conducted at the University of Alabama School of Dentistry (USA) that analyzed data from more than 2,000 pregnant women found that those with periodontal disease were three times more likely to deliver prematurely compared with women who had a healthy mouth.
It has also been shown that bleeding and redness of the gums during pregnancy can affect the baby’s systemic health.
The impact on fetal health is linked to the bacteria and toxins associated with periodontitis. These pathogens can enter the bloodstream and disrupt proper fetal development.
Although research is ongoing, healthcare professionals dentists and obstetricians alike have begun to factor these findings into everyday practice.
What are the symptoms of gingivitis?
Gingivitis whether in pregnant women or anyone else usually presents with the following signs:
- Tender gums that bleed with toothbrushing or spontaneously.
- Swollen gums.
- Red, shiny gum tissue.
- Mouth sores or ulcers.
- Unpleasant taste in the mouth.
Pregnant women who are susceptible or who have pre-existing periodontal disease should see a periodontist for dental treatment to prevent the inflammatory process from spreading into deeper gum structures and progressing to periodontitis.
While gingivitis is relatively easy to treat—a professional dental cleaning plus improved home care are usually sufficient—periodontitis requires longer, more costly treatment and can cause serious oral-health problems including tooth loss.
How can gingivitis be prevented during pregnancy?
The most important step is to control dental plaque (biofilm). That means building strong oral-hygiene habits even before becoming pregnant.
Recommendations for pregnant women:
- Attend regular dental checkups.
- Use a soft-bristled electric toothbrush after each meal and floss once daily.
- Choose an anti-plaque/anti-gingivitis toothpaste.
- Rinse your mouth after episodes of nausea or vomiting to reduce acid contact with teeth and gums.
- Follow a diet rich in calcium, phosphorus, protein, and vitamins A, C, and D. Ask your physician whether supplements are needed.
While enjoying this special time, women should pay extra attention to oral-hygiene care.
This informational article describes gestational gingivitis and why it matters during pregnancy. Because untreated gingivitis may be linked to risks such as preterm birth, professional care is important. This text does not replace a diagnosis; for safe evaluation and a pregnancy-appropriate care plan, a consultation with a specialist is necessary.
For a safe diagnosis and treatment of gingivitis during pregnancy, the first step is a professional evaluation. Book your appointment via WhatsApp, phone call, or by completing our web form.
